Comités américains

• Eiseman, Elisa, The National Bioethics Advisory Commission: Contributing to Public Policy, 2003, Rand Corporation Publisher.

Details goverment, private, and international response to the policy recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission.

• Engelhardt, Hugo Tristram, Engelhardt, H. Tristram Jr., Hoshino, Kazumasa, Rasmussen, Lisa M., Bioethics and Moral Content: National Traditions of Health Care Morality : Papers Dedicated in Tribute to Kazumasa Hoshino, 2002, Springer.

Is there only one bioethics? Is a global bioethics possible? Or, instead, does one encounter a plurality of bioethical approaches shaped by local cultural and national traditions? Some thirty years ago a field of applied ethics emerged under the rubric "bioethics". Little thought was given at the time to the possibility that this field bore the imprint of a particular American set of moral commitments. This volume explores the plurality of moral perspectives shaping bioethics. It is inspired by Kazumasa Hoshino's critical reflections on the differences in moral perspectives separating Japanese and American bioethics. The essays include contributions from Hong Kong, China, Japan, Texas, the United States, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. The volume offers a rich perspective of the range of approaches to bioethics. It brings into question whether there is unambiguously one ethics for bioethics to apply.

• Engelhardt, Hugo Tristram, Engelhardt, H. Tristram Jr., Global Bioethics: The Collapse of Consensus, 2006, M & M Scrivener Press.

This collection of essays deals with the issue of the repeated failure of attempts to derive a universal set of standards in bioethics. The predicament of contemporary morality, the post-modern condition, is such that we find ourselves in the position of numerous competing moralities that not only reach conflicting judgments about particular issues, but also reflect radically divergent world-views. Consensus, therefore, is impossible to achieve.The essays analyze and diagnose both the causes and results of the diversity of moral world-views in both philosophy and the practices in the world. Furthermore, some of the essays in this volume argue that the post-modern condition is actually the direct and inevitable result of the attempted philosophical-theological synthesis of the Western Christian Middle Ages. The essays of this volume attempt to resolve the difficulties, both procedural and contentful, that have arisen from the failure of various attempts to arrive at a global secular bioethics by means of rational-discursive philosophy.

• George, Annas J., American Bioethics: Crossing Human Rights and Health Law Boundaries, 2005, Oxford University Press.

Bioethics was "born in the USA" and the values American bioethics embrace are based on American law, including liberty and justice. This book crosses the borders between bioethics and law, but moves beyond the domestic law/bioethics struggles for dominance by exploring attempts to articulate universal principles based on international human rights. The isolationism of bioethics in the US is not tenable in the wake of scientific triumphs like decoding the human genome, and civilizational tragedies like international terrorism. Annas argues that by crossing boundaries which have artificially separated bioethics and health law from the international human rights movement, American bioethics can be reborn as a global force for good, instead of serving mainly the purposes of U.S. academics. This thesis is explored in a variety of international contexts such as terrorism and genetic engineering, and in U.S. domestic disputes such as patient rights and market medicine. The citizens of the world have created two universal codes: science has sequenced the human genome and the United Nations has produced the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The challenge for American bioethics is to combine these two great codes in imaginative and constructive ways to make the world a better, and healthier, place to live.

Comités nationaux de bioéthique ou d'éthique des sciences